Abstract:

Many HCI×fabrication systems are compelling as prototypes but remain difficult to reuse, extend, or transfer beyond their original publication. A common explanation is that adoption simply takes time. We argue that the issue is more fundamental. The knowledge needed to make fabrication systems transferable, namely how they behave across different materials, machines, and users, usually does not exist at the time of publication because the work required to generate this knowledge is rarely incentivized or rewarded. Drawing on engineering epistemology and prior debates in systems-oriented HCI, we reframe engineering maturity as epistemic work: sustained engineering effort that produces knowledge which prototyping alone cannot reveal. We propose six dimensions, Fab-ilities, as a vocabulary to describe what aspects of fabrication artifacts have become established and what knowledge remains tacit: (1) buildability, (2) executability, (3) reliability, (4) maintainability, (5) transferability, and (6) scalability. We describe five of our own projects (JigFab, StoryStick++, Silicone Devices, LamiFold, and PaperPulse), where varied attempts at dissemination, such as commercialization, spin-offs, and market exploration, each exposed different gaps between what we published and what transfer actually required.

Cite (BibTeX):

@inproceedings{leen_realfab26,
  author    = {Leen, Danny and Konings, Stig and Ramakers, Raf and Luyten, Kris},
  title     = {Making it work is the work: Engineering maturity as epistemic work},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of from papers to the real world: Making fabrication research matter, a CHI'2026 workshop},
  series    = {RealFab'26},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {ACM},
  address   = {New York, NY, USA},
  url       = {https://fabricationresearch.wordpress.com}
}